Researchers at the University of Limerick (UL) and the University of Valencia have developed a method to convert waste heat into electricity using lignin, a byproduct of the paper industry, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional energy recovery methods.

What Is Energy Recovery? 

Energy recovery (heat recovery in this case) is the process of capturing and reusing waste heat generated by industrial processes, machinery, or natural sources. Instead of allowing this energy to dissipate, heat recovery repurposes it to perform useful work, such as generating electricity or heating systems. By improving energy efficiency and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources, heat recovery offers real value in lowering operational costs and minimising environmental impact.

What Inspired the Research? 

Every day, industries, homes and even our bodies produce vast amounts of waste heat, with approximately 66 per cent of industrial energy output lost as heat, much of it below 200°C. Recognising this untapped potential, researchers at UL, supported by Irish Government funding and led by Muhammad Muddasar, PhD candidate at the School of Engineering, focused on developing a sustainable solution for harnessing this energy.

Traditional thermoelectric materials, such as bismuth telluride, have been used for heat-to-electricity conversion but are costly, toxic, and reliant on finite resources. Seeking a greener alternative, the researchers identified lignin \9a renewable, abundant byproduct of the paper industry) as an ideal, eco-friendly candidate for creating efficient thermoelectric materials.

The Thermoelectric Effect 

At the heart of this discovery lies the ‘thermoelectric effect’, where a temperature difference across a material generates an electrical potential. The UL and Valencia team engineered lignin-based membranes infused with a salt solution to exploit this phenomenon.

When a temperature gradient was applied to the lignin membrane, ions within the salt solution migrated i.e., positively charged ions moved towards the cooler side, while negatively charged ions gravitated towards the warmer side. This ion separation generated an electric potential across the membrane, which could be harnessed as electricity.

Lignin-Based Membranes Are Great at Converting Low-Grade Heat to Electricity 

The researchers developed membranes from lignin that can turn low-temperature heat (below 200°C) into electricity. This type of heat is commonly wasted in industrial settings, such as manufacturing plants and power stations, so these membranes could help capture and reuse it.

The study showed that lignin membranes performed well for this purpose, with a figure of merit (ZTi) of 0.25, measuring their ability to convert heat to electricity effectively. They also achieved an ionic Seebeck coefficient of 5.71 mV K⁻¹, demonstrating a strong electrical response from temperature differences.

The lignin-based membranes are lightweight, safe for biological environments, and eco-friendly, making them suitable for applications ranging from industrial energy recovery to sustainable energy solutions.

Practical Applications and Benefits 

The implications of this discovery could extend across industries and everyday scenarios. For instance, manufacturing facilities generate vast amounts of waste heat during production processes. Integrating lignin-based thermoelectric systems could allow these facilities to recover and reuse energy, reducing operational costs and environmental footprints.

Remote and off-grid locations could also benefit significantly. Lignin membranes could power sensors, communication devices, and small-scale lighting systems, eliminating the need for traditional fuel-based generators. Wearable technologies could also leverage the discovery, e.g. membranes could enable self-powered fitness trackers, medical monitors, and GPS devices that utilise body heat for continuous energy supply.

In buildings and infrastructure, lignin membranes could be integrated into heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to recapture waste heat and offset energy consumption. Their eco-friendly nature aligns perfectly with green building standards and sustainability goals.

A Green Alternative to Supercapacitors? 

Beyond energy harvesting, the UL team explored the use of lignin-based materials in energy storage. Traditional supercapacitors, which rapidly charge and discharge energy, often rely on carbon derived from fossil fuels. The researchers developed porous carbon electrodes from lignin, creating a sustainable alternative.

These lignin-based supercapacitors demonstrated exceptional performance in storing and delivering energy generated from waste heat. Their rapid charge-discharge capability makes them ideal for applications requiring quick bursts of power, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems.

Broader Context and Similar Research 

The study adds to a growing body of research exploring sustainable materials for energy generation. In recent years, cellulose-based membranes and ionic gels have gained attention for their thermoelectric properties. However, lignin offers the unique advantage of being a byproduct of an existing industrial process, requiring minimal additional processing, and making it highly cost-effective.

For example, a 2021 study by researchers at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden highlighted the potential of cellulose membranes for thermoelectric applications. While these membranes demonstrated impressive performance, their mechanical fragility posed challenges for practical use. By contrast, the UL team’s lignin-based membranes are mechanically robust and suitable for real-world applications.

Environmental and Economic Impact 

Lignin-based thermoelectric materials offer clear environmental benefits. By converting waste heat into electricity, these membranes could reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance energy efficiency across sectors. Harnessing lignin can thus transform what was once industrial waste into a valuable resource, contributing to a circular economy.

Cost Savings 

Economically, lignin-based technology could drive significant cost savings. The pulp and paper industry produces an estimated 50 million tonnes of lignin annually, much of which is discarded or burned for low-value energy recovery. Redirecting this lignin towards high-value applications, such as thermoelectric energy harvesting, could represent a win-win for industries and the environment.

Key Challenges and Future Directions 

Despite its promise, the technology is not without challenges. Scaling up lignin membrane production while maintaining consistent quality will require further research. Also, optimising the membranes’ performance under varying environmental conditions (such as humidity and prolonged heat exposure) remains a focus area.

Looking Ahead 

The researchers envision extending lignin-based materials to other forms of energy harvesting, such as solar thermal systems. Enhancements in membrane design, such as incorporating nanoscale channels for improved ion transport, could further boost efficiency and broaden applications.

What Does This Mean for Your Organisation? 

The development of lignin-based membranes could represent an exciting leap forward in sustainable energy technology. By converting waste heat (a largely untapped resource) into electricity, this innovation addresses both energy inefficiency and industrial waste. It is a clear example of how a circular economy can transform byproducts like lignin from the paper industry into valuable resources, paving the way for more environmentally responsible and economically viable solutions.

The potential value to industries could be significant. For example, in manufacturing facilities and power plants, where vast amounts of low-grade heat are routinely wasted, integrating lignin-based thermoelectric systems could reduce operational costs and improve energy efficiency. These membranes offer a way to recover lost energy and transform it into an asset, potentially reshaping markets that rely heavily on energy-intensive processes. Similarly, the transportation sector, including electric vehicles, could benefit from this technology’s ability to power auxiliary systems using heat generated during operation, improving overall efficiency and sustainability.

For businesses, the membranes present multiple opportunities. Industries involved in energy-intensive processes could achieve cost savings and reduced emissions, aligning with growing regulatory and public demands for sustainable practices. Furthermore, the eco-friendly nature of lignin membranes may open new markets, as green building standards and sustainability certifications increasingly influence decisions in sectors such as construction, infrastructure, and electronics. Companies that adopt and invest in this technology early could gain a competitive advantage in these evolving markets.

The implications for off-grid and remote locations are equally compelling. Lignin membranes could power devices and systems in areas where traditional energy infrastructure is lacking or expensive e.g., communication systems and wearable technologies. This could reduce reliance on fossil fuels and support the global push for decentralised, renewable energy solutions.

Although challenges remain in scaling production and optimising performance, the potential economic and environmental benefits of lignin-based membranes are undeniable. By offering a cost-effective, sustainable alternative to conventional thermoelectric materials, this innovation could revolutionise energy recovery across industries and inspire a shift in how businesses approach waste, sustainability, and energy use.

Given the magnitude of this function (and the likely impact it is having) this video goes into much more of a comparison between ChatGPT search and Google Search.

[Note – To Watch This Video without glitches/interruptions, It’s best to download it first]

If you need a quick glance at your desktop without minimising all your open windows, you can use the Desktop Peek feature. Here’s how:

To ‘Peek’ at the Desktop

– Hover your mouse over the small vertical strip on the far-right corner of the taskbar.

Click to Minimise All Windows

– If you want to minimise all windows and fully view the desktop, click on the strip.

– This feature is great for quickly accessing desktop files or shortcuts without disrupting your workflow.

Following Trump’s dramatic election for a second term, we look at what this means for the tech industry, examining the potential impacts on major companies, regulation, cryptocurrency, autonomous vehicles, AI, social media, markets, and the influence of key players like Elon Musk.

An Era of Change, Uncertainty, and Opportunity

The re-election of Donald Trump as President of the United States has shaken up the tech industry, sparking a mix of anticipation, uncertainty, and opportunity. A new era, shaped by Trump’s unrestrained approach and strong alliance with major industry leaders like Elon Musk, looks poised to redefine the regulatory landscape, reshape markets, and drive significant changes across social media, autonomous vehicles, artificial intelligence (AI), cryptocurrencies, and more.

Big Tech, Regulation and the Impact on Markets

Trump’s stance on ‘Big Tech’ remains selective, and experts now predict he will apply pressure where he perceives the most significant threats, particularly to companies viewed as ‘liberal’ or ‘woke’. During his first term, Trump openly criticised platforms like Google and Facebook for alleged censorship and political bias. While some enforcement actions were initiated under his administration, Trump’s second term looks likely to further increase scrutiny over platforms associated with liberal agendas. Taking a very brief look at what Trump 2.0 will mean for each of the key Big Tech companies:

– Google looks likely to face intensified scrutiny for alleged censorship and market dominance. Trump’s administration may continue pursuing existing antitrust cases against it.

– Meta (Facebook) may be expected to encounter increased regulatory pressure due to perceived liberal bias in content moderation, potentially impacting its ad revenue model and platform management.

– Apple could see renewed pressure over its app store practices and dominance in mobile technology, with Trump’s past criticisms suggesting possible trade tension with the EU around Apple’s tax benefits.

– OpenAI could benefit from Trump’s pro-business stance, with fewer regulatory restrictions on AI innovation, though ethical concerns around AI use may remain underplayed.

– Amazon looks likely to find favour under Trump’s “America First” approach, potentially experiencing lighter regulation due to its economic contribution and logistical influence in the U.S. market.

Alignment With Trump Could Mean a Reprieve

Another view, however, is that companies and leaders who align themselves with Trump may see a reprieve from regulatory constraints. A notable example is Elon Musk’s X (formerly Twitter) and Amazon, the latter likely benefitting from Trump’s renewed “America First” economic agenda. As Max von Thun, Director at the Brussels-based Open Markets Institute, recently commented, “Big Tech corporations seen as ‘woke’ or ‘liberal’ like Google or Meta will continue to face regulatory pressure, while others explicitly allied with or at least tacitly supportive of the administration may escape scrutiny.”

This selectivity could, therefore, exacerbate polarisation within the tech sector. Companies willing to align with Trump’s policies may thrive, while those unwilling to adapt could face scrutiny that impacts their market valuation.

Trump’s Stance on International Tech: China, Trade Wars, and the Global Impact on Tech

Trump’s return to office signals a likely resurgence of his hardline stance on international tech competition, particularly with China. During his first term, he imposed significant tariffs and restrictions on Chinese technology companies, citing concerns over intellectual property theft, national security, and economic competition. Key players such as Huawei, ZTE, and TikTok faced bans and restrictions in the U.S. market, with Trump warning of data privacy and security risks linked to Chinese tech influence. With a new term, experts expect Trump to reinitiate or intensify similar measures, which could have ripple effects across the global tech landscape. The effects could include, for example:

Increased scrutiny on Chinese tech companies. U.S. restrictions on Chinese firms may expand beyond telecommunications, potentially targeting industries like semiconductors, AI, and social media. Companies like Huawei and ByteDance, which owns TikTok, could face further challenges operating in the U.S. market and accessing American technology.

Supply chain disruptions and tech manufacturing. Renewed trade tensions could disrupt global tech supply chains, with many U.S. companies reliant on Chinese manufacturing for essential components. Apple, for instance, has significant manufacturing operations in China, and further trade restrictions may prompt it and others to explore alternative manufacturing locations, such as India or Vietnam. This shift could increase costs for U.S. tech companies, potentially affecting product pricing and availability.

Impact on the semiconductor industry. The global semiconductor industry, already strained by shortages, may see further complications as Trump looks to reduce U.S. dependence on foreign-manufactured chips. Measures such as additional subsidies for U.S. semiconductor manufacturing or restrictions on Chinese imports could reshape the industry. This may encourage companies like Intel to accelerate domestic production, though it would likely take years to fully reduce reliance on international supply chains.

Effects on AI and emerging technologies. China’s rapid advancements in AI and 5G technology have been viewed as a direct challenge to U.S. tech supremacy. Trump’s renewed focus on limiting Chinese access to American technology and intellectual property could lead to stricter export controls on AI-related tech, as well as federal funding initiatives to boost U.S.-based research and development. While this may benefit U.S. innovation, it also risks heightening tensions and slowing global tech collaboration.

Trump’s approach could, therefore, bring both benefits and disruptions to the tech world. While U.S. companies focusing on domestic production and development may find increased support, the international tech ecosystem may suffer from reduced collaboration and supply chain stability. Ultimately, Trump’s trade policies are likely to reshape the competitive dynamics in tech, challenging companies to adapt swiftly to avoid the negative effects of trade wars and protectionism.

Markets Reacting Already

Markets are already responding, with Alphabet’s share price fluctuating amid fears of further regulatory action, whereas Tesla saw a 15 per cent jump following the election. This appears to reflect investor confidence in Musk’s strengthened influence under Trump’s administration and the potential for more favourable regulatory conditions for Tesla.

For companies in the crosshairs, the next four years could be challenging, as Trump has suggested he may rein in antitrust measures to prevent Big Tech monopolies. His reluctance to break up Google, for instance, implies that the administration’s approach will focus on restructuring the sector, rather than dismantling key players.

A New Era of Favourable Cryptocurrency Regulation

Trump’s return to office has buoyed the cryptocurrency market, with Bitcoin reaching record highs as investors anticipate a more favourable regulatory environment. In stark contrast to his previous stance on digital currencies, Trump’s administration now appears to embrace the innovation and decentralisation that cryptocurrencies represent. The Republican Party’s platform now opposes the creation of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and champions the right to mine and trade cryptocurrencies without government interference.

Matthew Dibb, Chief Investment Officer at Astronaut Capital, has summarised the shift, saying, “A Democrat win would have felt like a short-term nail in the coffin [for crypto]… the market is placing high importance on it.” As the crypto landscape matures, Trump’s administration will likely task the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) with overseeing crypto as a commodity rather than a security, which could attract substantial institutional investment.

For smaller tokens and emerging projects, this regulatory openness could be transformative, fostering innovation while offering investors reassurance. However, the volatility in cryptocurrency will persist, as federal and state authorities may still push for individual oversight, especially given recent scrutiny over the risks and regulatory gaps surrounding crypto exchanges and platforms.

Autonomous Vehicles and AI with New Freedom

Autonomous vehicles (AV) and AI, two pillars of technological advancement, also look set to evolve under Trump’s governance. With Elon Musk now appointed as the administration’s “efficiency czar,” there is a strong possibility that Tesla’s ambitious AV and robotaxi projects will face reduced regulatory oversight. Sources close to Musk’s team have suggested that Tesla’s primary goal in the coming years will be ‘de-enforcement’ of existing regulations that slow down AV deployment.

Musk’s frustration with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is well-documented, especially regarding the regulatory barriers Tesla faces with its driver-assistance systems, Autopilot and Full Self-Driving. Under Trump, Musk may be able to achieve the nationwide regulatory consistency he has advocated for, which could accelerate the rollout of driverless Teslas by next year and the production of a fully autonomous “Cybercab” by 2026.

xAI

The AI sector is also likely to see transformative changes. Musk’s new AI venture, xAI, stands to gain from looser regulations and an administration eager to keep America competitive against global tech powers. Some insiders suggest that Musk’s influence will encourage a streamlined approach to AI oversight, reducing potential barriers for businesses in machine learning and deep learning. Although promising, this regulatory leniency brings potential risks, as untested or insufficiently regulated technology could pose safety and ethical dilemmas.

Social Media and Trump’s Own Platform

Trump’s re-election has impacted (as expected) and will further impact his personal social media company, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), which owns Truth Social. The platform saw an initial stock spike following the election, briefly reaching a valuation of nearly $9 billion before receding. Truth Social, which has struggled to establish revenue streams and monetisation strategies, may now become a central player in Trump’s communication arsenal.

Many think that Truth Social serves as a litmus test for how markets perceive Trump’s influence, with fluctuations in its share price often echoing public sentiment around his policies and actions. Trump has voiced strong support for Section 230, the law that protects social media platforms from liability over user-generated content. Maintaining Section 230 could enable both Truth Social and Musk’s X to continue prioritising “free speech” over strict content moderation, a strategy that aligns with Trump’s long-standing critiques of mainstream media.

Beyond this, Trump may pursue bipartisan legislation that strengthens data privacy and protects younger users on social media. The American Privacy Rights Act (APRA) and the Kids Online Safety Act (KOSA), both of which have bipartisan backing, could define a Trump legacy in social media legislation. For example, Mark Weinstein, a tech entrepreneur and author of Restoring Our Sanity Online, has suggested that Trump’s legacy may revolve around “measures that reduce biased moderation, strengthen privacy rights, and protect kids online.”

The Elon Musk Factor in Space, Regulation and Wealth

Elon Musk’s support from Trump’s campaign and now role in Trump’s administration is one of the most significant shifts under the new presidency. Trump describing Musk as a “super genius” and Musk’s appointment as “efficiency czar” (as the head of a government efficiency commission) marks a dramatic turn in the relationship between government and private enterprise, now positioning Musk as a key influencer in policy. With billions invested in federal contracts, Musk’s companies—Tesla, SpaceX, and Neuralink—are now expected to enjoy an era of favourable regulation and expanded funding opportunities. For example, Musk’s new efficiency role will allow him to streamline government operations, potentially cutting costs and reducing regulatory hurdles that could benefit his own businesses and others in tech.

Space exploration, for a long time one of Musk’s goals, could see a push towards deregulation, benefiting SpaceX’s ambitions to establish a human presence on Mars. With Trump’s support, Musk’s vision of turning the U.S. government into a “startup” could become a reality, enabling quicker approvals for experimental space missions and potentially facilitating a unified regulatory framework for private space travel.

However, critics argue that this laissez-faire approach might compromise safety, particularly in a field as high-stakes as space exploration. A former SpaceX official has commented (Reuters) that “taking a lax regulatory attitude in a sector as dangerous as rocket-building could blow up in everyone’s face and set back the industry for a decade.” This risk, however, does not appear to faze Musk, who has been candid about his desire to eliminate what he deems “insane” regulations.

Trump’s endorsement has already yielded Musk a significant financial gain, with Tesla shares rising sharply post-election and Musk’s wealth increasing by an estimated $15 billion. It’s easy to see, therefore, what Musk sought to gain through his support for Trump; this alliance looks likely to cement his political influence and position his companies advantageously for the foreseeable future.

Future Implications for Global Tech and Beyond

Trump’s policies, though primarily focused on the United States, are expected to have wide-reaching effects globally, with significant implications for Europe. His renewed “America First” stance could strain transatlantic relations, particularly as the European Union enforces increasingly stringent regulations on U.S. tech giants over issues like data privacy, content moderation, and market dominance. Trump’s previous threats of retaliation against the EU for tax-related rulings, such as those against Apple, suggest a rocky path ahead, with the possibility of intensified trade tensions. In response, European nations may bolster their regulatory framework, aiming to protect their own tech industries while reducing dependence on American firms.

Implications for the UK

For the UK, Trump’s return could mean that the government may find itself needing to balance its own regulatory ambitions with fostering strong trade relations with the U.S. While Brexit provided the UK with the independence to shape its own digital and tech regulations outside of the EU’s influence, this autonomy could come under strain if U.S. policies diverge sharply from British interests. For example, with Trump’s inclination towards industry-friendly, low-regulation policies, there may be pressure for the UK to avoid implementing stringent tech controls that might hinder U.S.-UK trade agreements or collaborations with American tech firms.

Also, on the more positive side, UK-based tech companies could find new avenues for partnership and investment under a Trump administration that seeks to counterbalance European regulations. However, the UK’s own goals for data privacy, cybersecurity, and content moderation may necessitate a careful diplomatic approach to avoid conflicting standards with the U.S.

Looking Ahead

The tech landscape faces a period of both innovation and instability. Trump’s selective approach to regulation could stimulate growth within certain sectors, such as AI and crypto, while introducing uncertainty in areas like AVs and space travel. The broader consequences of Trump’s return on technology will depend heavily on the balance he strikes between promoting corporate freedoms and safeguarding public interests. For now, as markets adjust and Big Tech leaders navigate this renewed relationship with the U.S. government, the tech world watches closely, poised for what may be an era of unprecedented change.

What Does This Mean for Your Business?

While companies such as Amazon and Musk-led ventures may thrive under a friendlier regulatory approach, others, particularly those associated with liberal values, may find themselves contending with intensified oversight.

For the U.S., Trump’s preference for relaxed regulations on emerging technologies like AI, autonomous vehicles, and cryptocurrency may invigorate domestic innovation, providing companies with greater operational freedom. However, these benefits carry risks, particularly in safety-critical sectors like space exploration, where a reduction in oversight could lead to unforeseen setbacks. Musk’s expanded influence in shaping policies, coupled with his high-stakes ambitions, epitomises this tension between rapid progress and potential vulnerability.

Internationally, Trump’s hardline stance on Chinese technology and “America First” trade policies may disrupt global supply chains and further strain transatlantic relations. For the UK and EU, this shift could mean balancing independent regulatory ambitions with the practicalities of maintaining favourable trade and tech alliances with the U.S. As European regulators tighten their own frameworks, American companies may find it harder to operate across borders, and some may even seek to relocate operations to more favourable environments.

With the UK’s new Employment Rights Bill expected to become law by 2026, we look at what this could mean for tech employers, the key changes, and practical impacts.

Protections for Workers from Day One 

The UK’s new Employment Rights Bill is set to bring seismic changes to the employment landscape, with major implications for tech industry employers. Introduced by the recently elected Labour government following commitments in their recent manifesto, this legislative overhaul aims to recalibrate the balance of power between employers and employees, enforcing protections for workers from their very first day of employment. The Bill’s provisions, expected to become law by 2026, are poised to reshape the strategies tech companies must employ in managing their workforce.

The Nature of the Tech Industry 

The tech industry, with its reliance on dynamic and flexible workforces, will be among the sectors most affected by these new regulations. Typically known for short-term contracts and high turnover rates due to project-based work, tech businesses are set to face heightened responsibilities to justify employment decisions from the outset. As companies await further details on specific provisions, it’s clear that preparation for compliance with the Employment Rights Bill should start now. With this in mind, here’s a taste of what tech employers can expect from the forthcoming changes and how they can begin to adapt.

The Bill 

The new Employment Rights Bill essentially encompasses 28 individual employment reforms, such as ending zero-hours contracts, prohibiting ‘fire and rehire’ practices, establishing day-one rights for paternity, parental & bereavement leave, plus strengthening statutory sick pay.

Immediate Protection Against Unfair Dismissal 

One of the key changes in the Employment Rights Bill is the introduction of unfair dismissal protection from day one of employment. Traditionally, UK law allowed employers to terminate employees within the first two years without risking unfair dismissal claims, providing flexibility to assess a new hire’s fit within the company. The new Bill abolishes this two-year window, making dismissals riskier and costlier without valid and well-documented reasons.

For tech companies, where rapid hiring and firing is common, this change could be particularly disruptive. Tech firms will need to adopt more stringent hiring processes to avoid costly claims. With the new Bill, therefore, companies may be forced to rethink this approach, adopting more cautious recruitment policies to minimise the risk of tribunal claims.

Changes to Probationary Periods 

Another possible change under discussion is the introduction of a statutory probationary period, which might fall at around nine months. Labour has not confirmed this length, but it signals a potential rebalancing of early employment protections that could impact tech hiring processes. While details are still under consultation, the purpose is to balance the rights of new employees with the flexibility employers need during the early months of employment. A statutory probationary period could provide tech firms with a partial grace period, though still with less leeway than the current two-year standard. Industry analysts predict that tech employers will need to invest more heavily in robust onboarding and training systems to assess new hires effectively within a shorter time frame.

To counter these limitations, many employers are now re-evaluating their recruitment pipelines. For example, extended interview processes and multi-stage assessments are becoming the norm in the sector, with many tech firms planning to introduce enhanced technical evaluations before finalising hiring decisions. Such measures, while potentially beneficial for retaining high-quality talent, will also likely slow hiring speeds, a disadvantage in a field where innovation and speed are essential.

Impact on Flexible and Zero-Hours Contracts 

The Employment Rights Bill, as it stands, could limit the use of zero-hours contracts, compelling employers to offer minimum guaranteed hours that reflect previous work patterns. While some sectors rely heavily on this contract type, the proposed changes aim to offer greater stability without entirely abolishing zero-hours arrangements. For tech employers, who often rely on freelancers and gig workers to address fluctuating project needs, this could lead to significant operational changes. Under the new law, workers with zero-hours contracts must be offered guaranteed hours reflective of their actual working history within a reference period. Additionally, employees working shifts will gain the right to receive reasonable notice for shift changes, with a minimum notice period likely equal to the length of the shift itself.

This requirement has provoked mixed reactions in the tech industry. For example, although proponents argue it brings stability to gig workers who are essential to project-based tech work, critics warn that the added rigidity could make tech firms less competitive. Tech businesses that rely on on-demand skills being forced to offer set hours could, therefore, find that their ability to respond quickly to client demands is more limited, perhaps meaning tough decisions about workforce structure will need to be taken.

Enhanced Flexibility Rights 

The Bill introduces additional rights around flexible working, compelling employers to justify any refusal of such requests thoroughly. In a sector where remote and flexible work has been the norm since the pandemic, this mandate may present less of a challenge on the surface. However, the onus on providing documented reasoning for refusal could add administrative strain, especially for companies managing hybrid or remote workforces across different locations and time zones.

The Bill’s requirement that companies substantiate their grounds for rejecting requests is seen as a progressive step, but some fear it could reduce the industry’s ability to manage work output effectively. For example, with tech work being essentially output-driven, being forced to justify rejecting flexibility could lead to managers feeling micromanaged themselves, thereby reducing productivity.

Implications for Public Sector Contracts and Two-Tier Workforce Rules 

For tech firms involved in public sector contracts, the Bill’s potential inclusion of a two-tier workforce rule could add a layer of operational complexity. This rule is designed to prevent disparities in wages and benefits between public sector employees transferred to private companies and their new private sector colleagues. Under the proposed rule, public sector staff moving to a private contractor would retain their existing terms and conditions, and private sector employees working in similar roles on the same project would be entitled to receive equitable treatment.

This change is especially relevant for tech consultancies partnering with the public sector, such as those handling IT infrastructure or cybersecurity projects. Should this rule advance into legislation, many firms may need to standardise benefits and pay rates across their teams, potentially resulting in significant cost increases. However, some employee advocates within the tech industry support these changes as a step towards fairer treatment, particularly in promoting equal pay for public and private staff working side by side.

Collective Redundancy Reforms 

Collective redundancy consultation, too, will see changes, especially affecting larger tech companies with distributed workforces. Under the Bill, a company with plans to lay off 20 or more employees in a set period will be required to conduct a collective consultation, even if redundancies are spread across multiple locations. Current legislation allows firms to treat individual sites separately for redundancy purposes, but the new rules would mean that all redundancies across a business must be grouped together in calculating whether the threshold for collective consultation has been met.

For tech employers who rely on flexible, location-independent workforces, this could result in higher administrative burdens and longer lead times for making structural adjustments. Industry observers warn that this change could reduce operational agility, especially for multinational tech firms with UK subsidiaries.

Other Considerations for Tech Employers 

The proposed Employment Rights Bill is likely to include several other changes that tech employers may need to seriously consider. Although many details are still speculative, here are some key areas that could have a significant impact if the Bill is enacted as Labour envisions.

Right to Disconnect 

The proposed Bill also includes the possibility of a “right to disconnect,” which would protect employees from work-related communications outside of their working hours. For tech employers, where global operations and multiple time zones often demand constant connectivity, this could present operational challenges. Employers may need to set clear boundaries for communication, reassess expectations for remote and hybrid teams, and introduce policies that respect employees’ work-life balance while preserving productivity.

Enhanced Data Privacy and Monitoring Protections 

Tech firms, especially those managing remote teams, often use productivity monitoring tools to maintain standards. However, the Bill may introduce stricter data privacy requirements around employee monitoring, compelling employers to justify any data collection or surveillance and to maintain transparency with staff. For tech companies reliant on these tools, this could mean a rethinking of monitoring practices to ensure compliance with heightened privacy standards.

Improved Parental and Family Leave Rights 

Under the proposed Bill, parental, paternity, and carer’s leave could become available from day one of employment, thereby broadening family-friendly benefits. For tech employers, this may require adjustments to their standard employment packages, ensuring they offer robust support to attract and retain talent with family responsibilities. Additionally, employers may need to adapt workforce planning to address potential skill gaps when employees take family leave.

Redefining Employment Status for Gig and Contract Workers 

The Bill may bring new definitions for employment status, making it more challenging to classify individuals as self-employed if they perform regular work for a company. For tech employers, this could mean that many freelancers gain employee status, with accompanying rights to benefits like holiday pay, sick leave, and pension contributions. This change could impact the cost structure of tech projects and reduce the flexibility many firms rely on when managing short-term or project-based workforces.

Workplace Equality and Pay Transparency 

Greater pay transparency and equal pay provisions are anticipated, which would likely require tech firms to disclose salary ranges and provide justifications for pay disparities. Although many companies in the tech sector have begun taking steps towards pay equity, formalising these measures under the Bill could make regular pay audits and the publication of gender and racial pay gap data mandatory. This could, in turn, influence recruitment and retention strategies within the sector.

Mental Health Support Requirements 

Given the growing awareness around mental health, particularly in high-stress sectors like tech, the Bill may mandate employers to provide mental health support, such as employee assistance programmes (EAPs) or mental health first aiders. In response, tech firms may need to increase investment in mental health resources, which could involve budgeting for support initiatives and integrating mental health considerations into workplace policies.

Enhanced Protection for Whistleblowers 

The Bill is expected to reinforce protections for whistleblowers, ensuring employees feel secure when reporting unethical or illegal practices. For tech companies handling sensitive data or regulatory compliance-heavy work, this could necessitate more robust reporting frameworks and confidential processes for whistleblower protection.

Additional Support for Skill Development and Training 

Labour’s interest in upskilling and career development, especially in rapidly evolving sectors like tech, is likely to be reflected in the Bill. Employers may need to offer structured training opportunities or upskill workers regularly, potentially with paid training time. For tech employers, this could mean establishing regular training programmes to ensure teams remain proficient with current technologies and compliance standards, possibly including support for certifications or advanced technical skills.

Requirements for Diversity and Inclusion Programmes 

The Bill may also introduce new obligations around diversity and inclusion (D&I), particularly for larger companies. Tech firms, especially those within sectors where diversity remains a challenge, may need to formalise their D&I efforts, establish accountability metrics, and promote fair representation across all levels of their workforce. This could drive positive internal change, fostering a more inclusive and balanced working environment that reflects the full range of available talent.

What Does This Mean for Your Business? 

The Employment Rights Bill, if enacted as anticipated, will mean a substantial shift for tech businesses in the UK. For an industry known for its flexibility, innovation, and rapid adaptation, these reforms could mark a new era of more structured compliance and cultural change. As the Bill aims to enhance security, fairness, and transparency in employment, it brings potential benefits but also significant responsibilities for tech employers.

For example, for many tech firms, the Bill could mean rethinking traditional workforce management. Where rapid hiring, freelance reliance, and flexible contracts have been fundamental, there may soon be constraints requiring more rigorous documentation, justification, and stability in employment practices. Tech employers may need to adapt quickly by implementing stricter hiring processes, formalised leave policies, and a heightened focus on employee rights, whether through enhanced family support, mental health resources, or data privacy safeguards. While some of these shifts align with current social trends, the added administrative burden could prove challenging, particularly for smaller firms or those with dispersed workforces.

That said, these changes could also pave the way for positive outcomes in talent retention and workforce satisfaction. As the industry faces increasing demand for skilled professionals, a commitment to fairer, more transparent employment practices could enhance a firm’s appeal to top talent. Measures such as clearer pay structures, enhanced training support, and stronger diversity and inclusion initiatives might not only ensure compliance but actively contribute to building a more resilient, engaged, and diverse workforce. For businesses willing to embrace these changes, the reforms may well foster a stronger culture of respect, fairness, and employee loyalty.

In preparing for the Bill’s potential enactment, tech firms, thankfully, at least have a valuable window of time to evaluate their practices and strategies. Adjustments made now could mitigate potential disruptions, while proactive planning may reduce operational risk and offer a smoother transition. As the industry braces for these landmark changes, the key for tech employers will be balancing compliance with the need for innovation. A thoughtful approach to integrating these new protections, alongside the flexibility that defines the tech sector, will be essential in navigating this evolving regulatory landscape. Whether these reforms ultimately hinder or help the tech sector’s growth, what is certain is that they demand both readiness and resilience from employers as they prepare for a future where compliance and competitiveness go hand in hand.

With alarming figures showing an 89 per cent increase in grooming cases in the last six years, the NSPCC has reported that data shows Snapchat tops the list of common platforms that perpetrators have been using to target children online.

Record Levels of Grooming 

Since “Sexual Communication with a Child” was established as an offence in 2017, online grooming crimes in the UK have hit record levels. The NSPCC has reported on its website that Snapchat is used in almost half of the known cases of child grooming (48 per cent), flagging Snapchat as a hub for online predators and the most common platform used to target young children.

Calling For Stronger Regulations 

With over 7,000 offences reported in 2023/24 alone, the NSPCC is now calling for strengthened regulations from Ofcom and tighter UK legislation to hold social media companies accountable for protecting young users from harm.

Why Snapchat? 

Snapchat’s popularity among younger audiences, combined with design features that enable messages to disappear after a set time, is creating fertile ground for abusers to operate with little fear of detection. While other platforms, such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram, were also implicated, Snapchat emerged as the platform of choice, largely due to its ephemeral messaging feature. The actual list published by the NSPCC showing which platforms are most used for child grooming, along with percentages, is:

1. Snapchat 48 per cent
2. WhatsApp (Meta) 12 per cent
3. Facebook and Messenger (Meta) 10 per cent
4. Instagram (Meta) 6 per cent
5. Kik 5 per cent

What is Kik? 

For those who haven’t heard of Kik (introduced in 2010 and based in Canada), it is a messaging app that allows users to chat via text, share multimedia, and join public group chats based on interests. Although its popularity has been boosted by the fact that it doesn’t require users to link their accounts to a phone number, this has also raised concerns about the platform concerning child safety due to its limited verification measures.

Rise In Grooming Offences 

The figures, showing a worrying rise in grooming, provided by the NSPCC paint a distressing picture. For example, in 2023/24, UK police forces recorded 7,062 grooming cases under the “Sexual Communication with a Child” offence. This represents an increase of nearly 90 per cent in six years, with children as young as five among the victims. The data shows that girls were overwhelmingly the targets, accounting for 81 per cent of cases where gender was known, highlighting the vulnerability of young females in online spaces.

Platform First, Then Private Messaging 

The NSPCC’s findings suggest that many of these perpetrators initially engage with children on mainstream social media platforms and gaming apps, only to shift communication to private and encrypted messaging services where they can evade detection. As the NSPCC reports: “Perpetrators typically used mainstream and open web platforms as the first point of contact with children. This can include social media chat apps, video games and messaging apps on consoles, dating sites, and chatrooms. Perpetrators then encourage children to continue communication on private and encrypted messaging platforms where abuse can proceed undetected.” 

Such methods, therefore, appear to allow predators to groom their targets subtly before escalating to more serious abuse.

Why Snapchat and Similar Platforms Appear To Be Favoured by Predators 

Snapchat’s structure is undeniably appealing to children and teenagers, thanks to its instant messaging, photo-sharing, and geolocation features. However, these same features also appear to attract those with malicious intent. One key issue with Snapchat is the app’s “disappearing messages” function, which allows messages and images to vanish after 24 hours, making it difficult for law enforcement or concerned parents to trace interactions.

Chilling Examples 

To illustrate how the disappearing messages and location features in Snapchat may be exacerbating the problem, and to put a human face on the issue, the NSPCC has posted some chilling examples on its website. These include:

– Thomas, who was just 14 when he was groomed by an online predator. “Our first conversation was quite simple. I was just chatting. The only way I can describe it is like having the most supportive person that you could ever meet,” he recalled. However, as the relationship developed, the groomer pressured him into sending explicit images under the threat of exposure.

– Liidia, a 13-year-old member of the NSPCC’s Voice of Online Youth group, points out the risks tied to Snapchat’s disappearing messages and location-sharing features. Liidia is quoted as saying, “Snapchat has disappearing messages, and that makes it easier for people to hide things they shouldn’t be doing.” She adds, “Another problem is that Snapchat has this feature where you can show your location to everyone. If you’re not careful, you might end up showing where you are to people you don’t know, which is super risky.” 

Lax Rules Too? 

The NSPCC is also critical of the lax rules governing user interactions on Snapchat. According to the charity, children have expressed frustration that reporting inappropriate content or behaviour on the app often leads to insufficient action, leaving them unprotected and further reinforcing the cycle of abuse.

A Call for Proactive Regulation and Tougher Legislation 

Following the release of the grooming statistics on its website, NSPCC Chief Executive Sir Peter Wanless has spoken out, urging Ofcom and the UK government to take more robust steps to combat online grooming. “One year since the Online Safety Act became law, and we are still waiting for tech companies to make their platforms safe for children,” he said. “We need ambitious regulation by Ofcom, who must significantly strengthen their current approach to make companies address how their products are being exploited by offenders.” 

Proactive Rather Than Reactive Approach Needed 

The NSPCC is calling for a shift in approach from reactive to proactive, advocating for regulatory measures that will compel social media platforms to address potential risks within their app designs, rather than merely responding to issues after harm has occurred. The charity is also seeking to extend the Online Safety Act to cover private messaging, giving Ofcom clearer authority to tackle cases on encrypted services such as WhatsApp and Snapchat.

Jess Phillips, the minister for safeguarding and violence against women and girls, echoed these sentiments, urging social media firms to fulfil their responsibilities under the Online Safety Act. “Under the Online Safety Act, they will have to stop this kind of illegal content being shared on their sites, including on private and encrypted messaging services or face significant fines,” Phillips stated.

What Have The Police Said? 

Becky Riggs, the National Police Chief’s Council lead for child protection, described the situation as “shocking” and called on social media companies to bear the responsibility for safeguarding children on their platforms. “It is imperative that the responsibility of safeguarding children online is placed with the companies who create spaces for them, and the regulator strengthens rules that social media platforms must follow,” she stated.

Tech Companies Respond: The Gap Between Policy and Practice 

In response to the rising criticism, Snapchat was recently quoted in a BBC report about the problem as saying that it operates a “zero tolerance” policy toward the exploitation of young people, with safeguards designed to detect and block inappropriate behaviour. A Snapchat spokesperson also stated, “If we identify such activity, or it is reported to us, we remove the content, disable the account, take steps to prevent the offender from creating additional accounts, and report them to the authorities.” 

WhatsApp Too 

Similarly, in response to NSPCC’s data, WhatsApp has emphasised that it has “robust safety measures” in place, although critics argue that such measures are inadequate when app features themselves create an environment conducive to grooming.

Tech Company Inaction 

In a post on X, the NSPCC’s policy manager, Rani Govender, stated that tech companies are partly to blame for shocking online grooming figures, saying: “The scale and significance of these crimes cannot be underestimated. No justification for tech company inaction.” 

What’s Next for Social Media Safety in the UK? 

The newly implemented Online Safety Act obliges tech companies to take children’s safety seriously. By December, major platforms will be required to publish risk assessments detailing potential illegal activities on their services. Ofcom, the media regulator responsible for enforcing these rules, is also planning stringent measures that social media firms must follow to curb online grooming (outlined in its draft codes of practice).

The NSPCC has intensified its calls for social media companies to be held accountable, emphasising the urgent need for ongoing safety technology updates to shield young users from predatory behaviour. Joined by parents, policymakers, and youth advocates, the charity is pushing for swift, decisive action to ensure social media platforms provide a secure environment for children, free from exploitation.

What Does This Mean For Your Business? 

The situation surrounding Snapchat and similar platforms reflects a broader issue in online safety for children, where technology’s rapid evolution outpaces regulatory oversight. Despite assurances from tech companies regarding their safety measures, the NSPCC’s findings appear to reveal a troubling gap between policy statements and practical outcomes. It seems that Snapchat’s design, with features like disappearing messages and location sharing, clearly appeals to young users, yet inadvertently provides a means for predators to exploit these same elements with relative ease.

The NSPCC’s call for proactive regulation, rather than a reactive approach, therefore, reflects the nature of the shift needed to combat this rising wave of online grooming effectively. With record numbers of offences being reported, the charity’s insistence on improved safeguarding features and the need to hold tech companies accountable takes on renewed urgency. Parents, the police, and policymakers are now demanding that platforms put child safety at the forefront of their design considerations, implementing features that deter grooming rather than facilitate it.

As the Online Safety Act begins to take full effect, with major platforms expected to publish risk assessments by December, the coming months may signal a critical period of change. However, true progress will hinge on whether companies like Snapchat, WhatsApp (Meta), and others meaningfully adapt to prevent abuse on their platforms. With Ofcom promising to exercise its enforcement powers, the pressure is now on tech firms to close the gap between safety promises and actual practice, ensuring that children can navigate social media spaces securely, free from predatory threats.