In the latest macOS Sequoia developer beta, Apple has introduced a new feature that allows users to install Mac App Store apps directly onto external drives, thereby saving storage space and costs.

This change, though appearing minor, has significant implications for storage management and offers users more flexibility in how they use and manage applications.

Usually, Mac App Store apps are installed in the internal Applications folder, consuming limited internal storage. Now, users can install larger apps (over 1GB) on external drives, which aligns with how third-party apps are managed. This change should help users manage and maximise their internal storage, which is often limited (256GB or even 128GB) and costly to upgrade.

This new feature also allows users to try apps temporarily without adding them to the internal Applications folder. Apps can be easily installed and removed from external drives, making it convenient for those who need to use an app for a specific task or test multiple versions without cluttering internal storage.

While this offers flexibility and space-saving benefits, it may, however, impact performance depending on the speed of the external drive. Also, users will need to keep the external drive connected to access these apps, which might be less convenient for those who use their Macs on the move. Despite these drawbacks, this new option looks like providing a more adaptable way to manage Mac storage and applications.

The FBI, MS-ISAC, and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in the US have issued a released a joint advisory to businesses about the ransomware-as-a-service collective ‘RansomHub’.

The joint advisory highlights how RansomHub (formerly known as Cyclops and Knight) has as established itself as an efficient and successful service model. The advisory highlights how, since its inception in February 2024, RansomHub has encrypted and stolen data from at least 210 victims across various critical infrastructure sectors, including water and wastewater systems.

RansomHub affiliates have been stealing data using a double-extortion strategy, encrypting systems, and stealing data to coerce victims into compliance. The data exfiltration methods vary by affiliate, and the ransom note usually omits initial payment demands or instructions although it typically gives victims between three and 90 days to pay. Instead, it provides a client ID and directs victims to contact the ransomware group via a specific .onion URL, accessible through the Tor browser.

The advice to defenders is to implement the recommendations in the Mitigations section of the advisory, which include installing updates for operating systems, software, and firmware as soon as they are released, using phishing-resistant multi-factor authentication (MFA), such as non-SMS text-based methods, for as many services as possible, and training users to recognise and report phishing attempts.

Engineering researchers at the US University of Minnesota Twin Cities claim to have demonstrated a state-of-the-art hardware device that could reduce energy consumption for artificial intelligent (AI) computing applications by a factor of at least 1,000!

AI’s Massive Energy Consumption 

The issue the researchers were aiming to tackle is the huge energy consumption of AI, which is only increasing as AI becomes more widespread. For example, the International Energy Agency (IEA) recently issued a global energy use forecast showing that energy consumption for AI is likely to double from 460 terawatt-hours (TWh) in 2022 to 1,000 TWh in 2026. This is roughly equivalent to the electricity consumption of the entire country of Japan!

With the growing demand of an increasing number of AI applications, the researchers have been looking at ways to create a more energy-efficient process, while keeping performance high and costs low.

The New Device – Use The ‘CRAM’ Model 

The new device developed by the University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering researchers works using a model called computational random-access memory (CRAM). The hardware device which uses the CRAM model is a ‘machine learning inference accelerator’ that is used to speed up the process of running machine learning models, specifically during the inference phase. Inference is the phase where a trained machine learning model makes predictions or decisions based on new, unseen data.

The researchers claim in a recent paper that a CRAM-based machine learning inference accelerator can achieve an improvement on the order of 1,000. Another example showed energy savings of 2,500 and 1,700 times compared to traditional methods.

What Makes IT So Different? 

The difference with the CRAM model is that whereas current AI processes involve a transfer of data between logic (where information is processed within a system, and memory, where the data is stored), the CRAM model performs computations directly within memory cells. Permanently storing data in this computational random-access memory (CRAM) means there’s no need for slow and energy-intensive data transfers to take place, which results in much greater efficiency.

Jian-Ping Wang, the senior author of the research paper about CRAM highlighted how this idea of using memory cells directly for computing “20 years ago was considered crazy” but thanks to the interdisciplinary faculty team built at the University of Minnesota (UMN) they have “demonstrated that this kind of technology is feasible and is ready to be incorporated into technology.” 

Very Flexible Too 

In comments posted on the UMN website, Ulya Karpuzcu, an expert on computing architecture, co-author on the paper has also highlighted another reason why CRAM is a more energy-efficient than traditional building blocks for today’s AI systems. Karpuzcu said: “As an extremely energy-efficient digital based in-memory computing substrate, CRAM is very flexible in that computation can be performed in any location in the memory array. Accordingly, we can reconfigure CRAM to best match the performance needs of a diverse set of AI algorithms.” 

Builds On MTJ Research 

This latest discovery builds on Wang and his team’s previous groundbreaking, patented research into Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) devices. These are the nanostructured devices used to improve hard drives, sensors, and other microelectronics systems, including Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM), which has been used in embedded systems such as microcontrollers and smart-watches.

Semiconductors 

Following their own successful demonstration of the efficiency boost provided by CRAM-based hardware, the research team is now planning to work with semiconductor industry leaders, including those in Minnesota, to provide large scale demonstrations and produce the hardware to advance AI functionality.

What Does This Mean For Your Business? 

The development of this new CRAM-based machine learning inference accelerator could be a significant breakthrough with far-reaching implications across several industries. For example, for the semiconductor industry, this discovery could bring a new era of innovation. By partnering with the University of Minnesota researchers, semiconductor companies have an opportunity to lead the charge in creating energy-efficient AI hardware, offering a competitive edge in an increasingly sustainability-focused market. The ability to reduce energy consumption by such a vast factor may not only address the growing concern over AI’s carbon footprint but may also align with global initiatives towards greener technologies.

For AI application makers and users, the introduction of CRAM-based technology could revolutionise the way AI systems are designed and deployed. The drastic reduction in energy consumption may allow developers to create more complex and capable AI applications without being constrained by energy costs and efficiency limitations. This could lead to a surge in innovation, as more businesses could afford to implement advanced AI solutions, knowing that their energy requirements and associated costs will be manageable. Users of these AI applications may benefit from faster, more responsive, and more cost-effective services, as the energy savings translate into enhanced performance and lower operational costs.

The energy industry, too, stands to benefit from this technological advancement. With AI’s projected energy consumption doubling within a few years, the shift towards more energy-efficient computing is not just beneficial but essential. By adopting CRAM-based hardware, data-centres and other large-scale AI operators could significantly reduce their energy demands. This reduction may ease the pressure on energy resources and help stabilise energy prices, which is particularly important as demand continues to grow. For data-centre operators, in particular, the promise of lower energy consumption translates directly into reduced operating costs, making them more competitive and sustainable.

Also, this development may support global carbon emission targets, a concern shared by governments, businesses, and consumers alike. By enabling a reduction in energy usage by a factor of 1,000 or more, the adoption of CRAM-based AI technology could substantially cut carbon emissions from data-centres and other heavy users of AI. This would align with the goals of many corporations and nations trying to meet climate commitments and reduce their environmental impact. The widespread implementation of such efficient technology could even become a cornerstone of global efforts to combat climate change, offering a practical and impactful solution to one of the most pressing challenges of our time.

The advent of CRAM-based machine learning inference accelerators, therefore, may not only transform the AI landscape but could also reshape industries and address critical global challenges. By embracing this technology, businesses could achieve greater efficiency and performance as well as contributing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future.

This video tutorial explains how you can make a report about your website which tells you how well you’re covered for security and compliance.

[Note – To Watch This Video without glitches/interruptions, It’s best to download it first]

If you frequently connect your computer to wireless displays or audio devices, the Windows key + K shortcut provides a quick way to access these connections without navigating through multiple menus. Here’s how:

Open Connect Menu

– Press Win + K to open the Connect menu.

Connect to Devices

– The menu will display available wireless displays, audio devices, and other devices you can connect to.

– Click on the device you want to connect to from the list.

In this second of our ‘Essentials Explained’ series, we explore how e-waste is currently disposed of, what happens to it afterwards, plus various initiatives and strategies aimed at reducing the ever-increasing pile of discarded electronics.

What Is E-Waste? 

Electronic waste (e-waste) refers to any electronic device that has reached the end of its useful life and is discarded. This can include everything from obsolete computers, servers and mobile phones to outdated office equipment like printers, photocopiers and even light bulbs.

The improper disposal of e-waste poses severe environmental and health risks. Many electronic devices contain toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and cadmium which can leach into the soil and water, causing long-term environmental damage. Also, when e-waste is burned or improperly handled, harmful chemicals can be released into the air, posing a threat to human health.

The sheer volume of e-waste (combined with its hazardous nature) underscores the importance of proper disposal methods and the need for businesses to take proactive steps in managing their electronic waste.

How Much E-Waste Is There? 

With the relentless pace of technological advancement, global e-waste generation continues to grow at an alarming rate. In 2023, the world produced approximately 63.3 million tonnes of e-waste. This actually represents a slight increase from the 62 million tonnes generated in 2022. This trend indicates that e-waste is increasing by about 2.6 million tonnes annually and it is projected to reach around 82 million tonnes by 2030!

The UK alone produces approximately 24.9kg of e-waste per person each year, which is significantly higher than the European Union average.

How UK Businesses Can Dispose of E-Waste 

Understanding and managing e-waste is not just an environmental responsibility but also an opportunity to enhance sustainability credentials and ensure compliance with regulations.

Currently, e-waste can be disposed of in several ways, but the most common methods include recycling, landfill, and informal disposal.

In the UK, however, businesses are legally required to dispose of their e-waste in a manner that complies with the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Regulations. Here’s how this process typically happens:

Assessment and Collection 

Businesses first need to assess their electronic waste to determine whether it can be refurbished or if it should be recycled. Items that are still functional can be donated, sold, or refurbished.

For items that need to be disposed of, businesses can arrange for collection by authorised waste carriers. Many IT Asset Disposition (ITAD) companies offer services that include secure data destruction, collection, and responsible recycling of e-waste.

Examples of well-known IT Asset Disposition (ITAD) companies include:

– Sims Lifecycle Services (SLS) – One of the largest ITAD providers globally, with significant operations in the UK.

– Restore Technology – Part of the Restore Group and a leading UK ITAD company offering a full suite of services for IT asset disposal.

– Stone Group – A UK-based ITAD provider that focuses on providing sustainable IT asset management solutions.

– Tier 1 – A UK-based ITAD company with a strong reputation for providing secure and compliant IT asset disposal services.

These are just a selection of some of the bigger names – there are, of course, many more ITAD companies for businesses to choose from.

Data Destruction 

Before any disposal, however, it is crucial for businesses to ensure that all data on electronic devices is securely erased to prevent data breaches. This is often done by ITAD companies that specialise in secure data destruction, providing certification for the process.

Recycling 

Collected e-waste is then transported to authorised recycling facilities. These facilities are equipped to safely dismantle electronics, recovering valuable materials such as metals and plastics. The WEEE Regulations require businesses to ensure that their e-waste is sent to facilities that meet environmental standards.

Some e-waste is exported for recycling under strict regulatory controls, though this is less common due to concerns about environmental and health impacts in destination countries.

Documentation and Compliance 

In the UK, businesses are legally required to dispose of e-waste through authorised channels under the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive. This directive ensures that e-waste is properly collected, treated, and recycled, thereby reducing the amount that ends up in landfills.

This means that UK businesses must maintain records of their e-waste disposal to demonstrate compliance with WEEE regulations. This includes documenting the amount and type of e-waste, the method of disposal, and the recycling outcomes. These records are crucial for regulatory audits and to ensure legal compliance. However, compliance can be complex, and as such, many businesses may still be inadvertently contributing to the problem through improper disposal practices.

Reuse and Refurbishment 

An increasing number of businesses opt to refurbish and reuse electronic equipment instead of disposing of it. This not only reduces waste but also cuts costs and supports sustainability goals. Reused and refurbished equipment is often sold or donated, extending the lifecycle of electronic devices. Examples of UK companies offering refurbishment include:

– Envirofone. This UK company focuses on the refurbishment of mobile phones and tablets. They purchase old or unwanted devices, refurbish them to ensure they are in good working condition, and resell them to consumers.

– The Phone Co-op. Part of the Midcounties Co-operative, it offers refurbished mobile phones as part of its sustainability initiatives.

– Techbuyer. A global leader in the refurbishment and resale of data centre equipment, including servers, storage, and networking devices, Techbuyer purchase used IT hardware, refurbish it (to a high standard), and then sell it with warranties.

These are just a few examples, there are many more – the point is that by following these (compliant) steps, UK businesses can manage their e-waste responsibly, thereby minimising environmental impact and ensuring compliance with national regulations

Recycling 

Recycling is the most environmentally responsible option, allowing for the recovery of valuable materials such as gold, silver, and copper. These materials can then be reused in the production of new electronic devices, reducing the need for mining, and conserving natural resources. For example, it’s estimated that one million mobile phones can yield 35,274 pounds of copper, 772 pounds of silver, and 75 pounds of gold!

Only 20 Per Cent Is Recycled 

Unfortunately, despite the potential benefits of recycling, only about 20 per cent of global e-waste is formally recycled. The rest often ends up in landfills or is sent to developing countries where it is informally recycled. This informal recycling often involves dangerous practices, such as burning circuit boards to extract metals, which expose workers to toxic fumes and result in severe environmental pollution.

What Happens to E-Waste After Disposal? 

Once e-waste is disposed of, its journey depends largely on how it has been processed. In cases where e-waste is correctly recycled, it is typically collected by waste management companies that specialise in electronic waste. These companies sort, dismantle, and process the waste to recover valuable materials. Metals like gold, silver, and copper are extracted and sold back into the market, while other components, such as plastics and glass, are recycled for use in other products.

However, not all e-waste is managed so responsibly. E-waste that ends up in landfills can leach harmful chemicals into the environment, contaminating soil and water supplies. Furthermore, e-waste sent to developing countries for informal recycling often results in significant environmental and health risks due to unsafe processing practices, as mentioned.

The Circular Economy 

On the other hand, e-waste that is properly recycled can play a vital role in creating a circular economy. By reintroducing valuable materials back into the production cycle, businesses can help reduce the demand for new resources, minimise environmental impact, and support sustainable development. For example, initiatives like the Royal Mint’s partnership with Excir, a Canadian start-up, aim to recover precious metals from e-waste, demonstrating how innovative approaches can turn waste into valuable resources.

Initiatives and Strategies to Reduce E-Waste 

The growing e-waste crisis has prompted a variety of initiatives and strategies aimed at reducing the amount of electronic waste generated and improving its disposal. These include:

– Government and regulatory initiatives. In the UK, the WEEE Directive has been instrumental in shaping how businesses handle e-waste. This legislation mandates that producers and importers of electronic goods are responsible for financing the collection, treatment, and recycling of e-waste. Also, the EU’s Circular Economy Action Plan promotes sustainable product design and resource efficiency, aiming to reduce waste generation and enhance recycling efforts across the continent.

– Corporate responsibility and business Initiatives. Businesses are increasingly recognising the importance of responsible e-waste management, not only as a regulatory requirement but also as part of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes. As mentioned earlier, many companies now partner with IT asset disposition (ITAD) services, which specialise in the secure and environmentally friendly disposal of electronic assets. These services ensure that e-waste is handled in a way that maximises value recovery and minimises environmental impact.

– Technological and industry innovations. Technological advancements are also playing a crucial role in reducing e-waste. For instance, the Royal Mint’s innovative approach to recovering gold from circuit boards is just one example of how technology can help tackle the e-waste problem. Other innovations include the development of ‘device-as-a-service’ models, which encourage businesses to lease rather than purchase electronic devices, thereby reducing the need for frequent upgrades and disposals.

– Consumer and employee engagement. Engaging both consumers and employees in e-waste reduction efforts is essential. Businesses can run awareness campaigns to educate their staff about the importance of proper e-waste disposal and encourage responsible practices, such as returning old devices for recycling. Also, promoting the use of refurbished or second-hand electronics can help reduce the overall demand for new devices, thereby decreasing e-waste generation.

Looking Ahead – The Future of E-Waste Management 

The future of e-waste management is likely to be shaped by a combination of regulatory pressures, technological innovations, and a growing awareness of the environmental impact of electronic waste.

The ‘right to repair’ movement, for instance, is gaining traction and could significantly extend the lifecycle of electronic devices, reducing the need for frequent replacements and cutting down on e-waste. For example, in 2021, Apple launched its Self-Service Repair program and expanded its Independent Repair Provider (IRP) program globally.

Also, as the circular economy concept becomes more mainstream, businesses will increasingly be expected to adopt practices that minimise waste and maximise resource efficiency.  As sustainability becomes a critical factor in business operations, companies that proactively address e-waste management will be better positioned to meet regulatory requirements, reduce costs, and enhance their reputation.

What Does This Mean For Your Business? 

For UK businesses, addressing e-waste properly isn’t just a matter of regulatory compliance, but is also a critical component of a broader sustainability strategy that can offer significant benefits beyond simply meeting legal requirements. Effective e-waste management has the potential to reduce your company’s environmental impact, recover valuable materials, and strengthen your reputation as a responsible corporate citizen.

In today’s business landscape, stakeholders (ranging from customers to investors) are increasingly aware of the need for sustainability. By adopting robust e-waste management practices, such as partnering with IT Asset Disposition (ITAD) companies or implementing internal recycling programmes, your business can demonstrate a strong commitment to environmental responsibility. This can enhance your brand’s reputation, making it more attractive to eco-conscious consumers and partners.

Responsibly managing e-waste can also unlock financial benefits. For example, by refurbishing and reusing electronic devices, businesses can extend the lifecycle of their IT assets, reducing the need for frequent replacements. Also, ITAD companies often help recover valuable materials like metals from old electronics, which can be resold or reused within your organisation. This not only reduces costs but also contributes to a circular economy, where resources are continuously repurposed rather than discarded.

Staying ahead of regulatory requirements is, of course, important for avoiding fines and ensuring smooth operations. The UK’s Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Regulations require businesses to handle e-waste responsibly. By proactively managing e-waste, your business can avoid the risks associated with non-compliance, such as legal penalties or damage to your corporate reputation. Moreover, being compliant also means that your business is contributing to national and global efforts to reduce environmental harm.

Also, as more businesses adopt sustainability practices, those that do not may even find themselves at a competitive disadvantage. By effectively managing e-waste, your business can differentiate itself from competitors who may not be as proactive in their environmental efforts. This can be particularly important when bidding for contracts or partnering with organisations that prioritise sustainability in their supply chain.

Managing e-waste can also drive innovation within your business. For example, exploring new technologies or business models that reduce e-waste, such as device-as-a-service (DaaS) models or leasing arrangements, can open up new revenue streams and enhance your operational efficiency. Additionally, participating in e-waste recycling or refurbishment initiatives can foster partnerships with other organisations, leading to collaborative opportunities that support business growth.